Calculation of wind turbine power generation system:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Wind Turbine Energy Calculator<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n margin: 20px;\n padding: 20px;\n }\n .container {\n background: white;\n padding: 20px;\n border-radius: 10px;\n box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n max-width: 500px;\n margin: auto;\n border: 1px solid #ccc;\n }\n input, input[type=range] {\n margin: 5px 0;\n padding: 5px;\n width: 100%;\n }\n button {\n margin-top: 10px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: #28a745;\n color: white;\n border: none;\n cursor: pointer;\n width: 100%;\n }\n button:hover {\n background-color: #218838;\n }\n #output {\n margin-top: 20px;\n padding: 10px;\n border: 1px solid #ddd;\n background: #fff;\n border-radius: 5px;\n color: black;\n }\n <\/style>\n <script>\n function updateSliderValue(id, value) {\n document.getElementById(id).value = value;\n }\n function calculateEnergy() {\n let rho = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"rho\").value);\n let radius = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"radius\").value);\n let windSpeed = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"windSpeed\").value);\n let cp = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"cp\").value);\n let generatorEfficiency = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"generatorEfficiency\").value) \/ 100;\n let batteryEfficiency = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"batteryEfficiency\").value) \/ 100;\n let dischargeEfficiency = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"dischargeEfficiency\").value) \/ 100;\n let inverterEfficiency = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"inverterEfficiency\").value) \/ 100;\n \n let area = Math.PI * Math.pow(radius, 2);\n let windPower = 0.5 * rho * area * Math.pow(windSpeed, 3);\n let extractedPower = cp * windPower;\n let electricalPower = extractedPower * generatorEfficiency;\n let batteryPower = electricalPower * batteryEfficiency;\n let usableDC = batteryPower * dischargeEfficiency;\n let finalACPower = usableDC * inverterEfficiency;\n \n document.getElementById(\"output\").innerHTML =\n \"<b>Results:<\/b><br>\" +\n \"Power in Wind: \" + windPower.toFixed(2) + \" W<br>\" +\n \"Extracted Power: \" + extractedPower.toFixed(2) + \" W<br>\" +\n \"Electrical Power (Generator): \" + electricalPower.toFixed(2) + \" W<br>\" +\n \"Battery Stored Power: \" + batteryPower.toFixed(2) + \" W<br>\" +\n \"Usable DC Power: \" + usableDC.toFixed(2) + \" W<br>\" +\n \"Final AC Output: \" + finalACPower.toFixed(2) + \" W\";\n }\n <\/script>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n <div class=\"container\">\n <h2>Wind Turbine Energy Calculator<\/h2>\n <label>Air Density (kg\/m\u00b3): <input type=\"number\" id=\"rho\" value=\"1.225\"><\/label><br>\n <label>Blade Radius (m): <input type=\"number\" id=\"radius\" value=\"5\"><\/label><br>\n <label>Wind Speed (m\/s): <input type=\"number\" id=\"windSpeed\" value=\"10\"><\/label><br>\n <label>Power Coefficient (Cp): <input type=\"number\" id=\"cp\" value=\"0.4\"><\/label><br>\n <label>Generator Efficiency (%): <input type=\"range\" id=\"generatorEfficiency\" min=\"0\" max=\"100\" value=\"90\" oninput=\"updateSliderValue('genEffVal', this.value)\"><input type=\"number\" id=\"genEffVal\" value=\"90\"><\/label><br>\n <label>Battery Charging Efficiency (%): <input type=\"range\" id=\"batteryEfficiency\" min=\"0\" max=\"100\" value=\"90\" oninput=\"updateSliderValue('batEffVal', this.value)\"><input type=\"number\" id=\"batEffVal\" value=\"90\"><\/label><br>\n <label>Battery Discharge Efficiency (%): <input type=\"range\" id=\"dischargeEfficiency\" min=\"0\" max=\"100\" value=\"90\" oninput=\"updateSliderValue('disEffVal', this.value)\"><input type=\"number\" id=\"disEffVal\" value=\"90\"><\/label><br>\n <label>Inverter Efficiency (%): <input type=\"range\" id=\"inverterEfficiency\" min=\"0\" max=\"100\" value=\"95\" oninput=\"updateSliderValue('invEffVal', this.value)\"><input type=\"number\" id=\"invEffVal\" value=\"95\"><\/label><br>\n <button onclick=\"calculateEnergy()\">Calculate<\/button>\n <h3>Output:<\/h3>\n <div id=\"output\"><\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<p>The wind turbine system is to be used for supplying electricity for the DAIS ecosystem, with the flowchart of the system as shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"811\" height=\"461\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/System.drawio.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-901\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/System.drawio.png 811w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/System.drawio-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/System.drawio-768x437.png 768w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/System.drawio-600x341.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 811px) 100vw, 811px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">The power generation calculation will ultimately be based on the overall power requirement of the system, which are to support the growth and sustain the azolla, sheep, tilapia fish, and sorghum systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Calculation of power requirement:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n <title>Power Requirement Calculator<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n text-align: center;\n margin: 50px;\n }\n .container {\n max-width: 400px;\n margin: auto;\n padding: 20px;\n border: 1px solid #ccc;\n border-radius: 10px;\n box-shadow: 2px 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\n }\n input {\n width: 80%;\n padding: 8px;\n margin: 5px;\n }\n button {\n padding: 10px 15px;\n margin-top: 10px;\n cursor: pointer;\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n <div class=\"container\">\n <h2>Power Requirement Calculator<\/h2>\n <label>Azolla Power Requirement (Watts):<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"azolla\" value=\"0\" step=\"0.1\"><br>\n \n <label>Tilapia Fish Power Requirement (Watts):<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"tilapia\" value=\"0\" step=\"0.1\"><br>\n \n <label>Sheep Power Requirement (Watts):<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"sheep\" value=\"0\" step=\"0.1\"><br>\n \n <label>Sorghum Power Requirement (Watts):<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"sorghum\" value=\"0\" step=\"0.1\"><br>\n \n <button onclick=\"calculatePowerRequirement()\">Calculate Power Requirement<\/button>\n \n <h3>Total Power Requirement: <span id=\"totalPower\">0<\/span> Watts<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <script>\n function calculatePowerRequirement() {\n let azolla = parseFloat(document.getElementById('azolla').value);\n let tilapia = parseFloat(document.getElementById('tilapia').value);\n let sheep = parseFloat(document.getElementById('sheep').value);\n let sorghum = parseFloat(document.getElementById('sorghum').value);\n \n let totalPower = azolla + tilapia + sheep + sorghum;\n document.getElementById('totalPower').innerText = totalPower.toFixed(2);\n }\n <\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Update Friday, 28\/02\/2025<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">To help visualize the conversion system from wind power to electricity, a flowchart is used:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"601\" height=\"262\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Energy.drawio.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-969\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Energy.drawio.png 601w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Energy.drawio-300x131.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Furthermore, assuming each of the resources as well as the pyrolysis require power of 2250 W. Using the calculator (calculation of power requirement) above, the amount of power needed to be generated by the turbines would be 9000 W.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">The assumption of power requirement is based on the resource of Tilapia fish, at a 6m diameter pond containing 900 fishes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Update Tuesday, 04\/03\/2025<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Calculation of Turbine Blade Diameter:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n <title>Wind Turbine Blade Diameter Calculator<\/title>\n <style>\n body {\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n background-color: black;\n color: white;\n text-align: center;\n padding: 20px;\n }\n .container {\n max-width: 400px;\n margin: auto;\n padding: 20px;\n background: #222;\n border-radius: 10px;\n box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);\n }\n input {\n width: 100%;\n margin: 10px 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n border-radius: 5px;\n border: none;\n font-size: 16px;\n }\n button {\n background-color: #00bfff;\n color: white;\n padding: 10px;\n font-size: 18px;\n border: none;\n border-radius: 5px;\n cursor: pointer;\n }\n button:hover {\n background-color: #009acd;\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n <div class=\"container\">\n <h2>Wind Turbine Blade Diameter Calculator<\/h2>\n \n <label>Required Power Output (W):<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"power\" value=\"2000\">\n\n <label>Wind Speed (m\/s):<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"windSpeed\" value=\"10\" step=\"0.1\">\n\n <label>Power Coefficient (Cp):<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"cp\" value=\"0.4\" step=\"0.01\" min=\"0.2\" max=\"0.5\">\n\n <label>Air Density (kg\/m\u00b3):<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"airDensity\" value=\"1.225\" step=\"0.01\">\n\n <h3>System Efficiencies (%)<\/h3>\n\n <label>Generator Efficiency:<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"genEff\" value=\"90\" step=\"0.1\" min=\"0\" max=\"100\">\n\n <label>Battery Charge Efficiency:<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"batChargeEff\" value=\"90\" step=\"0.1\" min=\"0\" max=\"100\">\n\n <label>Battery Discharge Efficiency:<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"batDischargeEff\" value=\"90\" step=\"0.1\" min=\"0\" max=\"100\">\n\n <label>Inverter Efficiency:<\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"invEff\" value=\"92\" step=\"0.1\" min=\"0\" max=\"100\">\n\n <button onclick=\"calculateDiameter()\">Calculate Diameter<\/button>\n\n <h3>Blade Diameter: <span id=\"diameterResult\">—<\/span> meters<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n\n <script>\n function calculateDiameter() {\n const P_req = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"power\").value); \/\/ Required Output Power in Watts\n const V = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"windSpeed\").value); \/\/ Wind Speed in m\/s\n const Cp = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"cp\").value); \/\/ Power Coefficient\n const rho = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"airDensity\").value); \/\/ Air Density in kg\/m\u00b3\n \n const genEff = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"genEff\").value) \/ 100; \/\/ Generator Efficiency\n const batChargeEff = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"batChargeEff\").value) \/ 100; \/\/ Battery Charge Efficiency\n const batDischargeEff = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"batDischargeEff\").value) \/ 100; \/\/ Battery Discharge Efficiency\n const invEff = parseFloat(document.getElementById(\"invEff\").value) \/ 100; \/\/ Inverter Efficiency\n\n const pi = Math.PI;\n\n if (P_req <= 0 || V <= 0 || Cp <= 0 || Cp > 0.5 || rho <= 0 ||\n genEff <= 0 || batChargeEff <= 0 || batDischargeEff <= 0 || invEff <= 0) {\n alert(\"Please enter valid values.\");\n return;\n }\n\n \/\/ Total System Efficiency Calculation\n const totalSystemEff = genEff * batChargeEff * batDischargeEff * invEff * Cp;\n\n \/\/ Swept Area (A) calculation\n const A = (2 * P_req) \/ (rho * totalSystemEff * V ** 3);\n\n \/\/ Blade Diameter (D = 2 * sqrt(A \/ pi))\n const D = 2 * Math.sqrt(A \/ pi);\n\n document.getElementById(\"diameterResult\").textContent = D.toFixed(2);\n }\n <\/script>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Update Friday, 14\/03\/2025<\/strong> <strong>and Tuesday, 18\/03\/2025<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A simulation of the DAIS building is conducted using <em>Simscale <\/em>(https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/) in order to find the ideal placement for the wind turbine system since in urban areas, the wind condition is generally not ideal for a wind turbine system, therefore, it is important to optimize the placement of the wind turbine to obtain the highest power generation potential. The simulations are based on the assumptions below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Incompressible flow<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bounding box is around 20 m on either side and 20, 40 m on the front and back.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The wind velocity inlet is set constant at 4 m\/s<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The wind is travelling from the front of the building to the back.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The back is set as pressure outlet with gage pressure of 0 Pa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"655\" height=\"622\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3827\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-21.png 655w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-21-300x285.png 300w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-21-600x570.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The above figure shows the geometry of the building used in the simulation. The building is a rectangular box of (20x25x20) m in size, with the rooftop slightly curved (on the second simulation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"846\" height=\"657\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-03-18-002123.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3820\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-03-18-002123.png 846w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-03-18-002123-300x233.png 300w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-03-18-002123-768x596.png 768w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-03-18-002123-600x466.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 846px) 100vw, 846px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The bounding box for the simulation is made larger than the geometry of the building, this is purposefully done to ensure all the velocity fields are visible. The above figure describes the boundary condition of the simulation, with the front part of the building as the velocity inlet, the back of the building as pressure outlet, and the sides of the box as walls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"516\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-03-18-002302.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3821\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-03-18-002302.png 516w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2025-03-18-002302-281x300.png 281w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"513\" height=\"548\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3823\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-17.png 513w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-17-281x300.png 281w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 513px) 100vw, 513px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Two simulations were conducted with slightly different geometries and wind condition, to figure out what affect does the rooftop geometry has on the wind velocity magnitude. The first simulation is using a wind velocity of 4 m\/s from the front to the back of the building with a flat rooftop, and the second simulation is 8 m\/s of the same direction with a curved\/arched rooftop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"348\" height=\"276\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3148\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-15.png 348w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-15-300x238.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"387\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3149\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-1-1.png 646w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-1-1-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-1-1-600x359.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The above two figures are the obtained result of the simulation. The top figure shows the velocity magnitude plane from the side of the building and the bottom figure shows the velocity magnitude plane from the top of the building. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Several regions of wind velocity can be observed depending on the location relative to the building. High velocity regions are present at the sides and top of the building, as well as at the top of each open floor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meanwhile, a lower velocity region is observed at the back of the building, and also close to the surfaces of the building.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"504\" height=\"164\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-2-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3150\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-2-1.png 504w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-2-1-300x98.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The higher velocity regions reach speeds of up to 6.7 m\/s which is an increase of about 67.5 % from the initial wind velocity. Whilst the lower velocity regions can reach speeds of 0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"656\" height=\"365\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-18.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3824\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-18.png 656w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-18-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-18-600x334.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 656px) 100vw, 656px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"611\" height=\"440\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-20.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3826\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-20.png 611w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-20-300x216.png 300w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-20-600x432.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 611px) 100vw, 611px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"506\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-19.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3825\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-19.png 506w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-19-300x89.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The figures above represent the velocity profile around the building with the new geometry and higher speeds. A similar pattern of high and low velocity regions can be observed. The increase of the high velocity region is relatively similar to the first simulation of 66.4 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The increase in speed can be explained (with simplification) where when an area decreases the velocity will increase:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"> Q<sub>i<\/sub> = Q<sub>o<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">V<sub>i<\/sub> * A<sub>i<\/sub> = V<sub>o<\/sub> * A<sub>o<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To conclude, based on the velocity profile of the building, it would be beneficial if the wind turbine blades are placed at the top of each of the open floors and at the rooftop. It is also important to ensure enough space between the rooftop and the wind turbine blade as there is a low velocity region close to the topside of the roof. Additionally, it would be better to avoid places at the back side of the building.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Update Friday, 21\/03\/2025<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another simulation is conducted using <em>simscale<\/em>, however, the current simulation focuses on the thermal analysis of the DAIS pyrolysis system. Which is to create a reactor and heater design which can produce an even heat distribution for the reactor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To achieve this a cylindrical design model is created using CAD <em>Autodesk Inventor <\/em>software with two designs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cylindrical device without interior fins<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cylindrical device with interior fins<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These experiment hope to simulate the effect of fins on the temperature distribution of the reactor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Design Model:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"529\" height=\"456\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-22.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4062\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-22.png 529w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-22-300x259.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"530\" height=\"664\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4063\" style=\"width:352px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-23.png 530w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-23-239x300.png 239w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"693\" height=\"569\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-24.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4064\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-24.png 693w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-24-300x246.png 300w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-24-600x493.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 693px) 100vw, 693px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The first figure is the CAD model of the cylindrical device with interior fins whilst the third figure represents the cylindrical device without interior fins. The second figure shows the external design of the device.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Specifications:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The cylinder is 1 m in diameter and 1 m in height. With the size of the reactor at 0.8 m in diameter and 0.9 m in height. Each of the device have 2 inlet and outlet for the exhaust gas. The device is made using aluminum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"802\" height=\"632\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-29.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4070\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-29.png 802w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-29-300x236.png 300w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-29-768x605.png 768w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-29-600x473.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Assumptions:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mesh is set at setting 6, automatic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>End time is at 80 s, with delta time of 1 s and rite interval of 4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The top and bottom holes are assumed to be adiabatic walls.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Material of the solid is an aluminum with thermal conductivity of 235 W\/(m*K).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The inlet velocity is set to 0.5 m\/s (this velocity is very low when compared to the typical engine exhaust of about 20 m\/s.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Results (Without interior fins):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"491\" height=\"461\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-25.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4065\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-25.png 491w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-25-300x282.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The temperature distribution shows a distinct area of the inlets which are at the bottom right, and top left section of the figure above. It also shows a relatively higher temperature region at the 3 and 9 clock position. The area in the middle (reactor) shows a relatively consistent and even temperature distribution, with temperature of around 175 degree Celsius, however this result may not represent the actual condition due to the reactor temperature being too even.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"469\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-26.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4066\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-26.png 478w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-26-300x294.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"488\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-27.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4067\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-27.png 488w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-27-300x294.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 488px) 100vw, 488px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Observing the device from the sides seem to show the temperature distribution of the reactor separated into 2 main region with the upper region reaching a higher temperature of around 185 degree Celsius, and the lower region with temperature of 175 degree Celsius. This is also consistent with the temperature region of the heating chamber.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"503\" height=\"146\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-28.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4068\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-28.png 503w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-28-300x87.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 503px) 100vw, 503px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"488\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 502 \/ 488;\" width=\"502\" controls src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/20250320-1748-03.9641457.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Results (With interior fins):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"482\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-30.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4078\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-30.png 482w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-30-300x280.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The simulation of the pyrolysis device with fins shows a lower average temperature of the reactor at 173 degree Celsius. Which is quite an unexpected result. However, the fins are at a temperature higher around the same area compared to the previous simulation, with a value of 190 degree Celsius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"486\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-31.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4079\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-31.png 495w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-31-300x295.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"501\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-32.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4080\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-32.png 501w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-32-300x283.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>When observing the temperature distribution from the sides, the fins seem to eliminate the uneven temperature distribution between the upper and lower layer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"520\" height=\"154\" src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-33.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4081\" style=\"width:355px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-33.png 520w, https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-33-300x89.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"456\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 492 \/ 456;\" width=\"492\" controls src=\"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/20250320-1852-04.4013132.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Benarido Amri [2106718230] Calculation of wind turbine power generation system: Wind Turbine Energy Calculator Wind Turbine Energy Calculator Air Density (kg\/m\u00b3): Blade Radius (m): Wind Speed (m\/s): Power Coefficient (Cp): Generator Efficiency (%): Battery Charging Efficiency (%): Battery Discharge Efficiency (%): Inverter Efficiency (%): Calculate Output: The wind turbine system is to be used for […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":118,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/118"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=352"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4144,"href":"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352\/revisions\/4144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccitonline.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}