Mekanika Fluida Dasar - 03
Muhammad Luthfi Ardien (2206826375)
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1. Problem Solving (Metode Numerik)
Apr 21, 2024
Summary :
Numerical methods are powerful tools for solving mathematical problems that are otherwise intractable with analytical techniques. These methods employ algorithms to approximate solutions to complex equations, integrals, differential equations, and other mathematical models.
A fundamental aspect of numerical methods is their iterative nature, where an initial guess is progressively refined to reach a solution within a desired accuracy. Techniques such as the Newton-Raphson method for root-finding, the trapezoidal rule for numerical integration, and Euler's method for solving ordinary differential equations are classic examples.
The strength of numerical methods lies in their versatility and applicability to real-world problems where exact solutions are impossible or impractical to obtain. For instance, in engineering, they are used to simulate the behavior of structures under stress, while in finance, they help in pricing complex derivatives. Additionally, advancements in computational power have significantly enhanced the efficiency and accuracy of these methods, making them indispensable in scientific research and industry.
By transforming complex problems into manageable computational tasks, numerical methods enable precise and practical solutions, fostering innovation and advancement across various fields.
2. Problem Solving (Mekanika Fluida)
Summary :
Problem solving with mechanical fluids involves understanding and manipulating the behavior of fluids—liquids and gases—under various conditions to achieve desired outcomes in engineering and scientific applications. This field, governed by the principles of fluid mechanics, addresses issues related to fluid flow, pressure, and interactions with solid boundaries.
A critical aspect of solving problems with mechanical fluids is the application of fundamental equations, such as the Navier-Stokes equations, which describe the motion of viscous fluid substances. These equations, although complex, provide a comprehensive framework for analyzing fluid behavior in diverse scenarios, from aerodynamics to hydrodynamics.
Engineers and scientists utilize both theoretical approaches and experimental methods to tackle fluid-related problems. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become an indispensable tool, allowing for the simulation and analysis of fluid flows in virtual environments. CFD helps optimize designs, predict performance, and identify potential issues in systems such as aircraft, pipelines, and weather patterns.
Experimental methods, including wind tunnel testing and flow visualization techniques, complement computational approaches by providing empirical data and validating models. By combining these methods, engineers can solve practical problems like reducing drag on vehicles, enhancing the efficiency of turbines, or managing water flow in hydraulic systems.
Ultimately, problem solving with mechanical fluids involves a blend of theory, computation, and experimentation, enabling the design and optimization of systems that leverage fluid dynamics for improved performance and innovation in numerous industries.
3. Biografi Muhammad Luthfi Ardien (2206826375)
Date (uploaded) : 21 April 2024
Summary :
As College Student of Mechanical Engineering, I’ve been learning about many things for these past 2 years of college and at first why I pick this major is because dealing with things that are mechanical is what im interested at, therefore I pick this major on Universitas Indonesia.
4. Membahas soal Metode Numerik #1 (Deret Taylor-McLaurin) | Muhammad Luthfi Ardien (2206826375)
Date (uploaded) : 28 April 2024
Summary :
The Taylor series is a mathematical method used to approximate functions using polynomials. It represents a function as an infinite sum of terms, each derived from the function's derivatives at a specific point. This technique allows for a function to be expressed in a simpler form, making it easier to work with, particularly near the chosen point of expansion.
In this video I made a pseudo-code on how to calculate a function of f(x) using numerical methods from The Taylor series method.
5. Membahas Soal Mekflu # 1 (Stream Function) | Muhammad Luthfi Ardien (2206826375)
Date (uploaded) : 28 April 2024
Summary :
In this video I reviewed a question about stream function from Munson-Mechanical Fluids Book using DAI5.
Stream functions are a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics, used to describe two-dimensional, incompressible flow fields. The stream function, denoted typically as ψ (psi), provides a mathematical tool for visualizing and analyzing the flow of fluids without directly solving the Navier-Stokes equations for velocity components.
Stream functions are particularly useful in solving problems involving potential flows, where the flow is irrotational and can be described using both the stream function and the velocity potential. By combining these approaches, engineers and scientists can effectively analyze and design systems involving fluid flow, such as airfoils, pipe networks, and natural water bodies.
6. Mereview simulasi Convection pada CFDSOF ( Metode Numerik)
Date (uploaded) : 5 May 2024
Summary :
In this video I review about the simulation of CFDSOF about Convections on an Object.
Convection is a critical mechanism in heat transfer, playing a vital role in the thermal regulation of objects. It involves the movement of fluid—either liquid or gas—across the surface of an object, transporting heat away from or toward it. There are two main types of convection: natural (or free) convection and forced convection.
Natural convection occurs due to the buoyancy effects arising from temperature differences within the fluid. As a fluid near the surface of a heated object warms up, it becomes less dense and rises, while cooler, denser fluid sinks to take its place. This process creates a convective current that facilitates the transfer of heat. An example of natural convection is the cooling of a hot metal rod exposed to air, where the surrounding air heats up, rises, and allows cooler air to flow in and absorb more heat from the rod.
7. Review Materi Viscous Flow
Date (uploaded) : 5 May 2024
Summary :
In this video I review viscous flow.
Viscous flows refer to fluid flows where viscosity—the internal friction between fluid layers—plays a significant role in determining the flow behavior. Unlike inviscid flows, where viscosity is negligible, viscous flows exhibit shear stress and energy dissipation due to the resistance to deformation within the fluid.
The study of viscous flows is crucial in understanding real-world fluid dynamics, as most practical fluids, such as oils, syrups, and even air and water under certain conditions, exhibit viscosity. The Navier-Stokes equations govern the motion of viscous fluids, incorporating the effects of viscosity and enabling the prediction of velocity fields and pressure distributions within the flow.
In viscous flows, several phenomena arise that are absent in idealized, non-viscous scenarios. For example, boundary layers form near solid surfaces, where the fluid velocity transitions from zero (due to the no-slip condition at the surface) to the free stream value. These boundary layers are regions of high velocity gradients and significant shear stress, playing a critical role in drag forces experienced by objects moving through a fluid.
Viscous effects also lead to the development of flow separation, where the fluid flow detaches from the surface of an object, often resulting in turbulent wake regions and increased drag. This is commonly observed in aerodynamics, such as around the wings of an aircraft or the body of a car.
Moreover, the viscosity of a fluid determines whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. Laminar flow is smooth and orderly, with fluid layers sliding past one another in parallel, whereas turbulent flow is chaotic and characterized by eddies and vortices. The Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity, helps predict the transition between these flow regimes. surface of an object, transporting heat away from or toward it. There are two main types of convection: natural (or free) convection and forced convection.
8. Simulasi Fenomena Konveksi dengan CFDSOF | Muhammad Luthfi Ardien (2206826375)
Date (uploaded) : 11 May 2024
Summary :
Natural convection occurs due to the buoyancy effects arising from temperature differences within the fluid. As a fluid near the surface of a heated object warms up, it becomes less dense and rises, while cooler, denser fluid sinks to take its place. This process creates a convective current that facilitates the transfer of heat. An example of natural convection is the cooling of a hot metal rod exposed to air, where the surrounding air heats up, rises, and allows cooler air to flow in and absorb more heat from the rod.
Convection is a critical mechanism in heat transfer, playing a vital role in the thermal regulation of objects. It involves the movement of fluid—either liquid or gas—across the surface of an object, transporting heat away from or toward it. There are two main types of convection: natural (or free) convection and forced convection.
Natural convection occurs due to the buoyancy effects arising from temperature differences within the fluid. As a fluid near the surface of a heated object warms up, it becomes less dense and rises, while cooler, denser fluid sinks to take its place. This process creates a convective current that facilitates the transfer of heat. An example of natural convection is the cooling of a hot metal rod exposed to air, where the surrounding air heats up, rises, and allows cooler air to flow in and absorb more heat from the rod.
In this video I sumulate the phenomenon on object which is convection of heat. In this software I started the meshing of simple object geometry and then I set the inlet and outlet also the boundary to simulate the flow. Then I did some calibrations of the the iteration to simulate the flow.
9. Prinsip Circular Economy pada Sayap Pesawat dan Fundamental Metnum dan Mekflu pada Sayap Pesawat
Date (uploaded) : 19 May 2024
Summary :
In this video I picked airplane wings as an object to review It’s contributions to circular economy and the fundamentals of numerical methods and mechanical fluids on the object.
A circular economy is an economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources. Unlike the traditional linear economy, which follows a 'take-make-dispose' model, a circular economy emphasizes designing out waste, keeping products and materials in use, and regenerating natural systems.
The design for longevity and modularity of aircraft wings allows for components to be easily replaced or upgraded without discarding the entire wing structure, thereby extending its lifespan and reducing the demand for new materials. Additionally, incorporating environmentally friendly materials, such as recyclable composites or bio-based materials, into wing construction can significantly reduce environmental impact. At the end of their service life, aircraft wings can be disassembled and their materials recycled or reused, closing the material loop. Furthermore, the use of 3D printing and additive manufacturing technologies in wing component production reduces material waste and allows for the recycling of excess and leftover materials for use in new production cycles.
Numerical methods applied to airplane wings encompass a range of techniques aimed at enhancing design, performance, and structural integrity. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is utilized to assess structural integrity, identify stress points, and optimize weight without compromising strength. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyzes aerodynamic properties, visualizes flow patterns, and tests performance under different conditions. Panel methods provide a simplified approach to estimating lift distribution and are particularly useful in preliminary design stages. Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) integrates various aspects of design, including aerodynamics, structures, and materials, enabling automated optimization for enhanced efficiency and effectiveness in aircraft wing design.
The principles of mechanical fluids applied to airplane wings include Bernoulli's principle, which explains the relationship between fluid speed and pressure, aiding in understanding lift forces. The continuity equation ensures mass conservation in fluid flow, particularly relevant in incompressible flows like subsonic air. The Reynolds number, a dimensionless parameter, predicts flow patterns, distinguishing between laminar and turbulent flows in different fluid flow scenarios.
10. Profile On A Flow Based On Mechanical Fluids
Date (uploaded) : 1 June 2024
Summary :
Viscous flows, open-channel flows, and compressible flows represent distinct but interconnected aspects of fluid mechanics, each with its unique characteristics and applications. Viscous flows involve fluids with significant internal friction, leading to shear stress and energy dissipation within the fluid. These flows are essential in understanding phenomena such as boundary layers, flow separation, and drag forces in various engineering contexts, from aerodynamics to hydraulic systems.
Open-channel flows, on the other hand, occur when a fluid flows over an open channel, such as rivers, streams, or canals, where one or more boundaries are free to interact with the atmosphere. These flows are governed by principles such as continuity, momentum, and energy conservation, and are crucial in hydraulic engineering for designing irrigation systems, flood control measures, and urban drainage networks.
Compressible flows involve fluids in which changes in density significantly affect the flow behavior, typically occurring at high speeds or under conditions of varying pressure and temperature. These flows are prevalent in aerospace engineering, where understanding the behavior of gases such as air at high velocities is essential for designing aircraft, rockets, and supersonic/hypersonic vehicles.
While each of these flow types has its distinct characteristics, they are often interconnected and can influence one another in various engineering applications. For example, in aerodynamics, compressibility effects can significantly alter the flow behavior around an aircraft wing, affecting lift and drag forces. Similarly, in hydraulic systems, the presence of viscosity can impact the flow profile in open channels, affecting sediment transport and water distribution.
Understanding the correlation between these flow types is crucial for engineers and scientists to develop accurate models and effective solutions in fields such as fluid dynamics, aerospace engineering, and environmental science. By integrating knowledge from viscous, open-channel, and compressible flows, researchers can address complex challenges and optimize designs for a wide range of applications, from aircraft performance to water resource management.
11. Review QUIZ Mr DAI - Numerical Methods and Mechanical Fluids
Date (uploaded) : 1 June 2024
Summary :
In this video, I reviewed about Nature, and also compressible flow.
Nature :
Nature encompasses the entirety of the physical world, including all living organisms, natural phenomena, and the environment. It comprises the diverse ecosystems, landscapes, and habitats found on Earth, shaped by complex interactions between living organisms and their surroundings. From towering mountains to vast oceans, lush forests to barren deserts, nature manifests in a multitude of forms, each with its unique beauty and significance.
Compressible Flow :
Compressible flow is a fundamental concept in fluid dynamics that describes the behavior of gases when changes in pressure, temperature, and density significantly affect the flow properties. Unlike incompressible flow, where changes in density are negligible, compressible flow occurs at high speeds or under conditions where the fluid's density varies significantly.
One of the key parameters used to characterize compressible flow is the Mach number (Ma), named after the Austrian physicist Ernst Mach. The Mach number represents the ratio of the flow velocity to the speed of sound in the fluid. It provides crucial information about the flow regime and whether compressibility effects need to be considered.
When the Mach number is less than 1, the flow is considered subsonic, meaning that the velocity of the fluid is lower than the speed of sound. In subsonic flow, changes in density and pressure occur gradually, and the flow behavior is typically predictable using classical fluid dynamics principles.
Conversely, when the Mach number exceeds 1, the flow is supersonic, indicating that the velocity of the fluid exceeds the speed of sound. Supersonic flow is characterized by shock waves and significant compressibility effects, leading to phenomena such as flow choking and expansion waves.
Additionally, there is a special angle associated with compressible flow known as the Mach angle (θ). This angle represents the maximum angle at which a disturbance in the flow can propagate upstream without violating the local speed of sound. The Mach angle plays a crucial role in understanding the geometry of shock waves and the behavior of compressible flows around objects such as aircraft wings and supersonic projectiles.
In summary, compressible flow with Mach number and Mach angle serves as a foundational framework for understanding the behavior of gases at high speeds and under varying conditions of pressure and temperature. It provides valuable insights into the design and analysis of aerospace vehicles, propulsion systems, and other engineering applications where compressibility effects are significant.
12. Optimization of an Object Using Numerical Methods
Date (uploaded) : 1 June 2024
Summary :
In this video, I reviewed about optimization on an object.
Optimizing an object using numerical methods involves leveraging computational algorithms to refine and improve its design, performance, or efficiency. This process is essential across various fields, from engineering and manufacturing to finance and healthcare, where maximizing desired outcomes while minimizing costs or constraints is crucial.
Numerical optimization methods employ mathematical techniques to systematically explore and analyze the design space, searching for the optimal solution based on specified objectives and constraints. These methods can handle complex, multi-dimensional problems with nonlinear relationships, making them invaluable for tackling real-world optimization challenges.